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One of the major innovations made by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is the unequivocal granting of a supranational role to the Court of Justice of the organisation. However, its human rights mandate has led to real and potential tensions within the ECOWAS legal order. The tensions stem from the legal force of judgements of constitutional courts of member states and the admissibility of individual petitions before the Court. This work identifies some deficiencies in the current regime of the human rights mandate of the Court. Gaps exist at the level of the member states' constitutional order, as well as at the community level. The supranational competence of the jurisdiction must be implemented by the possibility of ordering concrete measures to be taken by states for the reparation of human rights violations. Innovative solutions are suggested in this work in order to fill procedural and substantial gaps in the protection system established in West Africa.

Law / Constitutional --- Law --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- effective protection --- the principle of subsidiarity --- Constitutional Court --- supranational role --- Economic Community of West African States --- State liability --- exhaustion of local remedies --- ECOWAS --- binding effect --- court of justice --- the obligation of reparation --- substantive res judicata --- ECOWAS-Court of Justice --- Human Rights litigation --- due process --- Individual Complaints Procedure

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'Throws light on the role of several key agents in bringing to an end one of the darkest episodes in post-independence African history.' Ebenezer Obadare, University of Kansas Until the 1990s, conflict resolution and peacemaking fell to states, the UN and other intergovernmental organizations. In recent times it is non-armed, non-state actors who have had a pivotal role in seeking to resolve civil wars in Africa. This book examines, for the first time, through an examination of the Liberian Civil War in particular, how non-state actors have impacted upon peace processes. The Liberian Civil War was the first post-Cold War intra-state conflict in West Africa and exemplified the "new wars" breaking out on the continent. The peace process that followed showed how future peacemaking processes might evolve, being not only the first in which a regional economic grouping had a role - in this case ECOWAS - but also involving non-state religious and diaspora actors. Religious actors, initiators of the Liberian peace process, were mediators, dialogue facilitators, watchdogs and trustees of the entire peace process. Although their efforts were mainly influenced by the desire to fulfil the divine mandate to "tend to the flock", they were also able to regain some of the societal influence that organized religion, especially Christianity, enjoyed during the 158 years of minority Americo-Liberian rule. Diaspora actors' roles ranged from being founders and sponsors of warring factions to providing succour to Liberians back home through remittances and engaging in the peace process. Babatunde T. Afolabi is a Senior Programme Manager at the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD). He had previously worked at the ECOWAS Commission where he was involved in peace processes across West Africa.

Peace-building --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Conflict management --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- Liberia --- History --- Politics and government --- Civil War (Liberia : 1989-1996) --- Since 1980 --- Civil War (Liberia : 1989-) --- Africa. --- Babatunde T. Afolabi. --- Civil Society. --- Conflict Resolution. --- Conflict resolution. --- Dialogue facilitators. --- Diaspora. --- ECOWAS. --- Liberian Civil War. --- Mediators. --- Non-state actors. --- Peace Process. --- Peace process. --- Peacebuilding. --- Peacemaking. --- Politics. --- Religious Actors. --- Religious actors. --- The Politics of Peacemaking in Africa: Non-State Actors' Role in the Liberian Civil War. --- Trustees. --- Watchdogs. --- West Africa.

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This book outlines challenges to the effective operation of regional economic communities (RECs) with regards to peacebuilding in Africa. Critically examining these issues from an interdisciplinary perspective, with a focus on comparative analysis of the status, role, and performances of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), it examines particular constraints to their effective participation in regional initiatives. Focussing on inadequate technical capabilities, the complicity of state and non-state actors in conflicts within a region, the domestic politics of member states, it additionally addresses related theories and practices of peacekeeping, security, development, and the peacebuilding nexus. It also engages provisioning, regionalism, and regional peacekeeping interventions, the legal and institutional framework of RECs, and civil society and peacebuilding. Fundamentally, the book asks how effective the alliances and partnerships are in promoting regional peace and security and how much they are compromised by the intervention of external powers and actors, exploring new ideas and actions that may strengthen capacities to address the peacebuilding challenges on the continent effectively. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of African politics and studies, peace and security studies, regionalism studies, policy practitioners in the field of African peacebuilding, and more broadly to international relations. The Open Access version of this book, available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003093695, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Peace building --- Economic Community of West African States --- Intergovernmental Authority on Development. --- Political activity. --- C.E.D.E.A.O. --- CEDEAO --- Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest --- Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África do Oeste --- Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental --- E.C.O.W.A.S. --- ECOWAS --- IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development) --- Inter-governmental Authority on Development --- Autorité intergouvernementale pour le développement --- Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development --- Politics and government --- Warfare and defence --- Peace studies and conflict resolution --- Political participation. --- Economic community of west african states --- Intergovenmental authority on development --- International economic integration. --- Peace. --- Peace-building. --- Book industry communication

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Liberia's Civil War offers the most in-depth account available of one of the most baffling and intractable of Africa's conflicts. Adekeye Adebajo unravels the tangled web of the conflict by addressing four questions:  Why did Nigeria intervene in Liberia and remain committed throughout the seven-year civil war? To what extend was ECOMOG's intervention shaped by Nigeria's hegemonic aspirations? What domestic, regional, and external factors prevented ECOMOG from achieving its objectives for so long? And what factors led eventually to the end of the war? In answering these questions--drawing on previously restricted ECOWAS and UN reports and numerous interviews with key actors--he sheds much-needed light on security issues in West Africa. The concluding chapter of the book assesses the continuing insecurity in Liberia under the repressive presidency of Charles Taylor and its destabilizing effect on the entire West Africa region.

Peacekeeping forces --- Peacekeeping (Military science) --- Peacekeeping operations --- Armed Forces --- International police --- Peace-building --- ECOMOG. --- ECOWAS Cease-Fire Monitoring Group --- Economic Community of West African States. --- ECOWAS Monitoring Group --- Liberia --- Dēmokratia tēs Liverias --- Gweriniaeth Liberia --- IGNU (Liberia) --- Interim Government of National Unity (Liberia) --- Komara Lîberyayê --- Labiriyaa --- Laibeer --- Libearia --- Libeeria --- Libeeria Vabariik --- Libeïa --- Libéir --- Libèiria --- Liberi --- Libériai Köztársaság --- Liberiako Errepublika --- Liberië --- Liberii︠a︡ --- Liberii︠a︡ respublika --- Liberija --- Libērijas Republika --- Liberijos Respublika --- Liberio --- Liberiya --- Liberiya Respublikası --- Liberja --- Liberya --- Liberyah --- Liberyi︠a︡ --- Libiliya --- Libirya --- Liveria --- Lýðveldið Líbería --- Pobblaght ny Laibeer --- Poblachd Libèiria --- Reppubliek Liberië --- Repubblica di Liberia --- Republic of Liberia --- Republica de Liberia --- Republiek Liberia --- Republiek van Liberië --- Republik Liberia --- Republika Liberii︠a︡ --- Republika Liberija --- Republiḳat Liberyah --- Republíki ya Liberia --- République du Liberia --- Riberia --- Riberia Kyōwakoku --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Liberia --- Δημοκρατια της Λιβεριας --- Λιβερία --- Република Либерия --- Република Либерија --- Либери --- Либерия --- Либерия республика --- Либерија --- Ліберыя --- רפובליקת ליבריה --- ליבריה --- リベリア --- リベリア共和国 --- 利比里亚 --- History --- Participation, Nigerian.

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Taking the empirical case of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), this volume locates the peacekeeping operations of ECOWAS within an expanded post-Cold War conceptualization of humanitarian intervention. It examines the organization's capacity to protect civilians at risk in civil conflicts and to facilitate the processes of peacemaking and post-war peace-building.

HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION--AFRICA, WEST --- CONFLICT MANAGEMENT--AFRICA, WEST --- ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES --- ECOMOG --- PEACEKEEPING FORCES, AFRICAN--AFRICA, WEST --- Conflict management --- National security --- Peace-building --- Humanitarian intervention --- Regionalism --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Intervention (International law) --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- International cooperation. --- Government policy --- Economic Community of West African States. --- C.E.D.E.A.O. --- CEDEAO --- Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest --- Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África do Oeste --- Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental --- E.C.O.W.A.S. --- ECOWAS